![]() ![]() The carbohydrates are a major source of metabolic energy, both for plants and for animals that depend on plants for food. n CO 2 + n H 2O + energy C nH 2nO n + n O 2Īs noted here, the formulas of many carbohydrates can be written as carbon hydrates, C n(H 2O) n, hence their name. They originate as products of photosynthesis, an endothermic reductive condensation of carbon dioxide requiring light energy and the pigment chlorophyll. As I’ve mentioned earlier, carbohydrates, like many biomolecules, have been known for quite some time and have acquired their own naming system that got stuck with us.Carbohydrates are the most abundant class of organic compounds found in living organisms. Why not stick to the good ‘ol R and S? Because of the traditional naming convention that existed before the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system. We use the letters D and L for this purpose. One piece of stereochemistry that we do specify is the configuration of the last chiral carbon in the chain. ![]() You’ll see them all the time in the biological pathways (especially, glucose), so it’ll make your life easier if you can recognize those. Such common carbohydrates are glucose, mannose, galactose, and fructose. It might be a good idea, though, to commit a few common ones to memory. ![]() Each of those molecules has its own unique name! Most instructors, however, won’t require you to actually memorize all of the structures. This means that glucose has a grand total of 16 stereoisomers! Number of stereoisomers = 2 n, where “n” is the number of chiral centers. So, for a molecule like glucose, you have 4 chiral carbons. However, as you go down the line to more complex carbohydrates, you get more and more stereocenters. The simplest one, glyceraldehyde, only has one. Stereochemistry of CarbohydratesĬarbohydrates have multiple stereocenters. Then, say how many carbons you have in the molecule and add -ose to signify the carbohydrate. The nomenclature of ketoses follows the same principles as for aldoses: you start by saying keto- to point out the functional group. Most common ketoses have a ketone functional group on the second carbon in the chain. As ketoses contain a ketone functional group, we obviously cannot have it at the beginning of the chain. And we finish by adding the -ose ending to specify that it’s a carbohydrate we’re dealing with. We then say how many carbons are there in the molecule. As you can guess, aldo- goes together with an aldehyde, and keto- with the ketone-containing carbohydrates.Īs you can see from these examples, we start the name by saying that the molecule is an aldehyde using the aldo- prefix. We specify this in the name by adding aldo– or keto– prefix to the carbohydrate name. However, sugars will only have one aldehyde OR one ketone functional group. Carbohydrates generally have multiple alcohol functional groups, so we never focus on those. Sugars, or carbohydrates, have two major functional groups: an aldehyde or a ketone (both are collectively called carbonyls), and an alcohol functional group. Naming the Major Functional Group in a Carbohydrate So, when I say that we’re dealing with a hexose, that doesn’t mean much except for the fact that the molecule contains 6 carbons. This list includes glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose, etc. For instance, there are 24 different hexoses (12 of which exist in nature). This type of a name, however, doesn’t tell us the exact nature of the molecule. For instance, the glucose is an example of a hexose because it has six carbons in the molecule. For instance, a triose is a carbohydrate with 3 carbons, while hexose is a carbohydrate with 6 carbons in the molecule. We use the greek numerals to call the number, aka tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and add the ending -ose to denote that it’s a carbohydrate. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Big is tight! He had a water bottle, he threw the water bottle at me, and just walks off the stage. Then it’s getting bad and Cease is like, “Two hundred dollars!” And then Big, he just stopped everything and was like, “Yo! What the f*ck is going on?!” I’m looking and my records look like a piece of bacon back there. So during the show, Big heard the first womp, and he was like “A hundred dollars!” The record is crumbling up right before my eyes. This unfortunate situation caused The Notorious B.I.G. ![]() We had this thing like, every time you make a mistake on stage during the show, you get fined $100. Throws Water Bottle At Big Kap At the 1995 Summer Jam the heat was so unbearable that it caused to vinyl to melt and effect the performance. The records is melting! So the records are warping right before me and it’s just like woooommp. But it’s so hot the heat is actually warping the records. ![]() I’m throwing the records and it’s like, alright, cool we’re going through it. In a recent interview with The Fader magazine, Kap remembers the incident fondly. The situation frustrated Biggie so much that Big threw a bottle of water at him on stage. The extreme heat caused Kap’s records to warp as he was playing them which led to disastrous results. The end result was Biggie and E-40 not performing.Footage recently surfaced of Big Kap DJ’ing behind The Notorious B.I.G. One of the Luniz people got smashed on by Too Short’s folks who had headlined the year before but for some reason was not invited back this year. Biggie wanted him to do the set using vinyl and Kap told him it was too hot to be using vinyl. This was because two other crews decided to kick up dust The Luniz and Too Short. DJ Mister Cee, Notorious B.I.G & Tupac) - Album Version (Explicit) - Funkmaster Flex & Big Kap. DJ Mister Cee, Notorious B.I.G & Tupac) (Album Version (Explicit)) e. Biggie/Tupac Live Freestyle (Funkmaster Flex & Big Kap Feat. Listen to Funkmaster Flex & Big Kap on Pandora today. Biggie/Tupac Live Freestyle (Funkmaster Flex & Big Kap Feat. Discover Funkmaster Flex & Big Kaps top songs & albums, curated artist radio stations & more. Unfortunately SummerJam got turned out that year before Biggie and E-40 could publicly make peace. TikTok video from Greg DODOO (johndoe90789). He was already on edge because of the whole East vs West-2Pac vs Biggie situation ![]() Kap refused saying he wanted to keep things authentic, so when the records started skipping in the middle of each of Biggie’s songs he was understandably upset. I asked Kap about this and he explained that Biggie was mad at him because he wanted Kap to use a dat tape and not real vinyl. Biggie Smalls throws water bottle at DJ Kap 7,085 views 191 Dislike Share Save DJ Salamanca 653 subscribers I just uploaded this one cuz the other vids on youtube were either. This enraged Biggie who wound up throwing a bottle at him. During his set DJ Big Kap’s records kept skipping. Instead he insisted having a car drive him to the back of the stage. He showed up at summerjam and refused to get out and walk amongst the people backstage. Prior to the appearance Biggie did a set and was spooked. Biggie had already been confronted by 40’s peeps and 40 agreed to publicly resolve this by having Biggie appear with him on stage in a suprise appearance. As you watch this video keep in mind the back story to all this.First, many of y’all might not know how this was all playing out during KMEL Summerjam of 1995. Folks from the Bay may recall this s E-40 vs Notorious BIG in the mid 90s when both were hitting hard and making noise for their respective parts of town. ![]() ![]() ![]() I used anki pretty much exclusively to study during my classroom years and unlike all the other responses I made all my own cards. I've written this post because I need advice - how do I make Anki work? During my 2nd year, I expect to have even less time and I can't solely rely on premade decks because my curriculum differs and is much more detailed. I was also missing the ability to add pictures and occlude images. The problem with both of these was the lack of spaced repetition (it is hard to manage by hand). Later on, before the exam session, I started using Quizlet as a supplementary resource. With little time to learn that technique became my best option. The main benefit of a sheet is that I can easily get a bigger picture and find cards that relate to each other. Miraculously, I survived the first term but during the mid-term break, I came to the conclusion that my learning process is very ineffective.Īt that point, I switched to google sheet to make flashcards. Could you guys share your own? I need to correct mine. I also tried to adjust the settings but it didn't work and now my settings are a mess. I ended up making too many flashcards which I did not really understand (I was just copying from textbooks). Point is, with so much to learn during the weekend (and a bit on weekdays) it became impossible to learn the subject first, then make flashcards and learn with them. With other, less important subjects on remaining weekdays Monday - histology and molecular biology quiz Let me explain why it is impossible in med school. I think that my success came from knowing the subject before making flashcards. I've been using Anki exclusively in high school with splendid results. 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A building back home would be considered ancient if it’s more than 200 years old,” she said. “I didn’t realize how new everything is back in the U.S. ![]() Aside from learning entirely new terminology, Zimmerman appreciated finding historical sites and buildings seemingly everywhere she went. “Traveling with my new friends is something I’ll definitely remember and cherish.”Ī big takeaway from Zimmerman’s experience at Oxford is how different England is culturally from the U.S. During a short break in the fall, she traveled with friends from the program to Vienna, Austria. On weekends, Zimmerman would go on short adventures, including seeing a play at William Shakespeare’s Globe Theater. During her semester away, Zimmerman traveled across England to London, Bath, Winchester, and Cambridge. Prior to Oxford, she had never been outside of North America. Zimmerman’s experience outside of the classroom also made the study away opportunity a once in a lifetime experience. “Oxford’s programs are so different from the way we learn in the U.S., but it broadened my horizons and helped me grow immensely in my writing and research skills.” As one of the world’s top research universities, Zimmerman benefited from learning from Oxford’s talented and renowned faculty. Zimmerman was tasked with reading assigned texts, writing eight page research papers on the reading, and then meeting with her professors to discuss her papers in a one-on-one setting. While lectures were offered, they were not required and not the main instruction method. While the classes were as rigorous as her APU classes, Zimmerman’s courses at Oxford followed a completely different format. Zimmerman also studied English literature and took an undergraduate research seminar. I studied American history in a different country, which was always a dream of mine,” she said. Her experience at Oxford was transformational. Natasha Zimmerman ’24, a junior honors humanities and public relations major, studied away at Oxford during the fall 2022 semester. During this program, APU students study at the University of Oxford, one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the world. Perhaps the most unique opportunity to study away is the Scholarship and Christianity in Oxford (SCIO) semester through the Council of Christian Colleges and Universities (CCCU) GlobalEd programs. These study away opportunities include options in Ecuador, Ireland, Kenya, Israel, Jordan, Washington D.C., England, and other countries in Europe. Students at Azusa Pacific University have the opportunity to study away at a variety of different locations for a few weeks ( GO Terms) or a full semester. One of the most exciting parts about college is experiencing living in a new place. Use Server\Models\.This article was originally published on APU’s website. Therefore the correct way to solve this is to add an assert and compare the tables to your expectations. The Laravel Tests themselves are supposed to be something that someone can run in the future with one simple command, such as php artisan test -group=my_group_name. So after I run php artisan test Tests\Feature\TestRemoveCertainData I would like to check if php artisan remove_data_command worked the way I intended it to on the phpmyadmin panel.īut what I understood was that the idea of keeping the database, and checking it yourself was wrong. $this->artisan('remove_data_command')->assertSuccessful() should run the code that deletes certain data create all necessary data using factoryįactory(User::class)->create() // etc. call multiple modelsĬlass TestRemoveCertainData extends TestCase Use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase Here is a shortened sample of my code: namespace Tests\Feature Is there a way to refresh the database at the start only? 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But again, it is contracted in this song because the rhythm demands it.Describe the content of your Article. I asked her, but she wouldn't say (would = wanted, wouldn't= refused, didn't want to) = I asked her but she didn't want to tell me.Īs you can see in the examples, when we use the auxiliary "will" or "would" in conversation we usually contract them, but when we use the modal "will" (or its past form "would"), we don't usually contract them. If you will help me, I'll try to do it (the first WILL is the modal verb, the second WILL is the auxiliary for future) = if you want/accept to help me, I'll try to do it. If she were here, I would know ("would" is not in the if-clause)īut here we're not using the auxiliary "would", but the past of the modal verb "will", and this modal verb expresses volition, similar to "want", and it may go in the if-clause: If you need me, I will help you ("will" is in the main clause, not in the if-clause) We don't use "will" or "would" in the if-clause (the sentence introduced by the conjunction IF): AS LONG AS YOU'D LOVE ME SO= If you accept to love me very much. You can also turn a verb into a noun or, likewise, change grammatical categories easily.ĪS LONG AS= If. This is not usual, but in English you can easily turn a word or a phrase into a verb. Here, the word "good-bye" is used as a verb. WE’RE STILL GOOD-BYING= We’re still saying good-bye. THE FIRE IS SLOWLY DYING= If a fire is dying, it is extinguishing, disappearing. HOLD= To hold someone is to hug them, to embrace them, to put your arms around them because you love them.ĪLL THE WAY HOME= All through the way, from the beginning to the end of my journey. KISS GOODNIGHT= If you kiss somebody goodnight, you say goodnight with a kiss. WAY is sometimes used with the meaning of "very" (that’s way too high= that’s really really high). Turned down LOW emphasizes the same idea. TURNED WAY DOWN LOW= If the light is turned down, it becomes less intense. So corn for popping is maize to make pop-corn. Pop-corn is a kind of maize that pops open when you heat it and turns into a shapeless soft white ball that you can eat (especially when watching a movie). I BROUGHT ME= I brought myself I brought with me.ĬORN (AmE)= Maize (BrE). ![]() MAN (AmE)= In this context this is just a colloquial exclamation with no meaning, equivalent to "boy!" or "my!" or "gee!" or "wow". LET IT SNOW!= I don’t mind if it’s snowing, it can go on snowing forever for all I care. Nevertheless, the rhythm of the song needs a contraction here. I’ve finished) but not usually contracted when it means possession as here. WE’VE NO PLACE TO GO= The verb HAVE is usually contracted (‘ve) when it is the auxiliary (e.g. ![]() ![]() ![]() Results (Participants, Descriptives, Outcomes, Subgroups)ĭiscussion (Key findings, Limitations, Interpretations)Ĭonflict of Interest (COI), Author affiliations, Acknowledgments, Funding Methods (Design, Setting, Participants, Variables, Statistics) ![]() Original research manuscripts have the following sections (in chronologic order): The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist is perhaps the most valuable tool in the process of preparing your manuscript for submission. All individuals listed as authors should contribute to the manuscript and overall project in some fashion. In contrast, the last author is often the most senior member of the team, often the principal investigator of the study. The author, who devotes the most effort to the paper, is typically the first and corresponding author. Those involved in the research should discuss who will contribute to the full manuscript (i.e., qualify as an author) and thus the planned order of authorship to reduce complications at the time of manuscript submission. IRB protocols, study design, and data collection and aggregation require a team effort. Although journals and conferences do often publish abstracts, studies with important results should be published in full manuscript form to ensure dissemination and allow attempts at replication. ![]() Many published and presented abstracts do not reach full manuscript publication. Researchers can write an abstract in a short amount of time, though the abstract will evolve as the full manuscript moves to completion. Write a manuscript to interpret and describe your research.Īfter conducting a quality investigation or a study, one should put together an abstract and manuscript to share results. Continuous practice improvement need not be shared with the larger population of treating providers, but dissemination to the entire scientific community allows widespread adoption, criticism, or further testing for replication of findings. Īdditionally, a clinician who integrates a new practice can study effects on patient outcomes, retro- or prospectively. Though beyond the scope of this chapter, instruction for clinicians on how to conduct research and contribute to medical science is provided by many resources. Anyone who treats patients can collect data on outcomes to assess the quality of care delivered (quality improvement is research). Though typically performed by academic doctors or physician-scientists, medical research is open to all clinicians in both informal and formal methods. When gaps exist in the literature, clinicians should consider conducting their own research into these questions. The ability to read a scientific or medical manuscript remains vitally important throughout the career of a clinician. When new clinical queries arise, one should seek answers in the published literature. This is the essence of evidence-based medicine (EBM). A clinician should continuously strive to increase knowledge by reviewing and critiquing papers, thoughtfully considering how to integrate new data into practice. ![]() ![]() We have provided direct link full setup of the game. Operating System: Windows XP/Vista/7/8/8.1Ĭlick on the below button to start Angry Birds Star Wars II Free Download.System Requirements of Angry Birds Star Wars II PC Game 2013īefore you start Angry Birds Star Wars II Free Download make sure your PC meets minimum system requirements. Can summon any bird and pig instead of pre-established selection. ![]() Need to destroy targets in and out of fortified fortresses.Crossover of Star Wars and Angry Birds.7 th edition of famous Angry Birds game.You may also like to download Angry Birds Space.įollowing are the main features of Angry Birds Star Wars II that you will be able to experience after the first install on your Operating System. Angry Birds Star Wars 2 Download link - http. The game has got very impressive graphics and you will surely love this game. Today Im going to show you How to Download and Install Angry Birds Star Wars 2 game for pc. There are almost 30 playable characters featured in this game like Yoda, Mace Windu and Jango Fett etc. This game is slightly different from other Angry Birds games as in this game you can summon any bird or pig instead of their pre-established selection. The targets can be in or out of the fortresses which will depend on the side you choose that is either Birds or Pigs. Which have been fortified in different fortresses. In this version of Angry Birds Star Wars II PC game you have to destroy different targets. You can also download Angry Birds Star Wars. This is the seventh edition of Angry Birds and is sequel to Angry Birds Star Wars. Get ready for Angry Birds Star Wars II - the epic follow-up to the 1 smash hit game Based on the Star Wars movie prequels, use the Force for good against the greedy Pork Federation or choose a much arker path. This crossover of Star Wars and Angry Birds have been released on 18 th September, 2013. Resume : The Force is strong with this one. 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